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- „TBK”: A NOVEL BIOFUEL
- INVENTORS: THÉSZ, JÁNOS
- BOROS, BÉLA
- KIRÁLY, ZOLTÁN
- P07 00128, P07 00187, P07
00281
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- E.G.: IN 2007 IN THE USA ALONE
- 70.000 MT (= 3.500 RAILWAY CARS)
à USD 70 M WORTH OF LOSS OF DISPOSABLE GLYCEROL IN TERMS OF BD !!
- WILL BE PRODUCED
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- NATURALLY OCCURING TRIGLYCERIDES (TG’s, = FATTY ACID TRIESTERS OF
GLYCEROL): A RENEWABLE SOURCE FOR ALTERNATIVE FUELS IN DIESEL ENGINES
- CH2-OCO-R1 R1,
R2, R3 = C15- C23
- I
- CH - OCO-R2 HYDROCARBON CHAINS
- I
- CH2-OCO-R3 IN FATTY ACIDS (FA’s)
- Mr = 950 - 1000
- Viscosity: 35 – 50 cSt at 40°C
- PROBLEM:
- HIGH VISCOSITY ON ACCOUNT OF THEIR HIGH Mr’s à
- CANNOT BE ATOMIZED PROPERLY INTO ENGINES à
- NEED TO BE „FRAGMENTED”
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- ONE POSSIBLE SOLUTION (MOST
PREFERRED AT THE MOMENT): BIODIESEL (BD, „FAME”) MANUFACTURE à ALCOHOLYSIS OF TG’S WITH METHANOL:
- CH2-OCO-
R1 CH2-OH R1-COO-CH3
- I
I
- CH - OCO-R2 + 3 CH3-OH
--> CH -
OH + R2-COO-CH3
- I I
- CH2-OCO-R3 CH2-OH R3-COO-CH3
- TG METHANOL GLYCEROL FAME’S (BD)
-
Mr: 300-
320
-
Visc.:
4-6 cSt
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- DISADVANTAGE: 10 -12 W% GLYCEROL BY-PRODUCT
- LOST FOR FUEL PURPOSES
- CONTAMINATED WITH METHANOL, WATER, SALTS, COLOURANTS à NO FEEDSTOCK FOR THE
CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES IN THIS FORM
- COSTLY REFINING
- GROSS OVERSUPPLY
- RAPIDLY ACCUMULATING STOCKS
- ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ON ACCOUNT OF 60-70 LITERS SEWAGE/MT BD
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- OUR SOLUTION: TBK! à
TOTALLY NEW CONCEPT AND APPROACH TO ELIMINATE AN ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM
AND TO INCREASE BIOFUEL YIELDS OUT OF TG’s BY 20%:
- PARTIAL TRANSESTERIFICATION OF TG’s WITH ALKYL ESTERS OF SHORT-CHAIN
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS à
CHEMICALLY MODIFIED TG’s WITH REDUCED MOLECULAR MASSES à LOWERED VISCOSITIES,
CP’s, PP’s.
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- CH2-OCO-LONG CH2-OCO- SHORT
- I
I
- CH -
OCO-LONG + SHORT-COO-CH3 --> CH - OCO-LONG
- I I
- CH2-OCO-LONG CH2-OCO-LONG
-
MODIFIED TG’s
-
+
- Mr = 450 – 650
LONG-COO-CH3
- VISCOSITY: 5 - 6 cSt
-
FAME
- NOVEL BIOFUEL = MODIFIED TG’s AND/OR THEIR BLENDS WITH FAME’s/PETRODIESEL
- GLYCERYL MOIETY IS RETAINED à + 10% FUEL
- INCORPORATED CARBOXYLIC ESTERS à + 10% FUEL
- à 20% MORE PRODUCT à20% MORE PROFITS !!
- NO WASTE !!
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- ADVANTAGES AND FAVOURABLE PROPERTIES OF THE NEW BIOFUEL AND PROCESS:
- EACH AND EVERY ATOM OF BIOMASS TG’s (= TOTAL ENTHALPY) IS UTILIZED FOR
FUEL PURPOSES
- UNIVERSAL PROCESS FOR ALL KINDS OF OILS/ANIMAL FATS
- 20 - 25 % EXTRA YIELD OF BIOFUEL FROM BIOMATTER à 20 - 25 % LESS ARABLE
LAND NEEDED à
MORE LAND FOR FOOD
- BY INCORPORATING THE GLYCERYL MOIETY NO NEED TO HANDLE A BYPRODUCT à COST SAVING
- „TBK” CAN BE PRODUCED IN PRESENTLY OPERATING BD PLANTS
- LOWER MANUFACTURING COSTS
- HIGH FFA/MONO/DIGLYCERIDE CONTENT OF TG’s NO PROBLEM
- WASTELESS, ECO-FRIENDLY PROCESS
- GLYCEROL OF PRESENT PROCESSES AS FEEDSTOCK !!
- LOWERED IODINE NUMBER (OWING TO DILUTION OF TG’s WITH SHORT-CHAIN
CARBOXYLIC MOIETIES) à SUNFLOWER AS FEEDSTOCK à TRIPLING AVAILABLE STARTING MATERIALS (IN CENTRAL EUROPE)!
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- EVALUATION IS UNDER WAY
- PRELIMINARY FINDINGS:
- VISCOSITY: 5 – 6 cSt AT 40°C
(MEETS PRESENT STANDARDS)
- CLOUD POINT: - 4°C (SUPERIOR!)
- FLASH POINT: 140°C (SUPERIOR!)
- SPEC. GRAVITY AT 15°C: 0,89 (MEETS PRESENT STANDARDS)
- COPPER STRIP CORROSION: CLASS 1A
(MEETS PRESENT STANDARDS)
- MOTOR TESTS (10% BLEND WITH PETRODIESEL): SAME AS FOR BD
- EMISSIONS: SUPERIOR TO BD (50% LESS SMOKE!)
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